plasterboard on the underside of the rafters the effects of deflection under concentrated (point) load do not need to be considered as per guidance given in BS 5268-7.5 clause 4.3. SPAN TABLES & TECHNICAL GUIDE For further information please visit. The imposed load should be calculated in accordance with BS 6399:Part 3:1988 Code of practice for imposed roof loads, as a rule of thumb for altitudes not exceeding 100m you can use a uniformly distributed load of 0.75 kN/m² and for most other areas exceeding 100m but not exceeding 200m you can use 1 kN/m², for parts of Scotland, Pennines, North East England and heights over 200m you will need to refer to BS 6399 Part 3.Īs there are no brittle finishes e.g. Rafters are to have minimum end bearing of 35mm. Wane as allowed in BS 4978:2007+A2:2017 is permitted in all sections included in these span tables. FULL SCREEN The Span Calculator is supported by the Softwood Lumber Board. Read the Tutorial for Understanding Loads and Using Span Tables. Timber to be covered, these span tables do not apply to timber which is fully exposed to the elements. A span options calculator allows selection of multiple species and grades for comparison purposes. Holes and notches cannot be drilled or cut into the rafters unless proved adequate by specialist calculations. The default ALL is a combined list of both NA and EU species. If desired, filter the species list by selecting NA for North American species only or EU for European species only. Choose one or more species/species grouping(s). Typically they stretch from a wall plate to the ridge. Max Span Calculator Carson Swope T11:35:00-07:00. The calculations on which these span tables are based conservatively assume that the rafters are not continuous over the purlins, but they can be continuous over the supporting purlin if required. Rafters are the sloping beams that support the weight of a roof. These span tables are based on the assumption that the tiling battens fastened to the top of the rafters will provide adequate lateral restraint and also ensure that lateral loads are distributed. It is also assumed ceiling joists will be used to transmit the horizontal component of thrust occurring at eaves level to complementary rafters. These span tables only apply to roof systems with four or more rafters. These span tables do not apply to trussed rafter roofs. What size lumber for shed roof rafters For a shed roof, common sizes are 2×6, 2×8, or 2×10, depending on the span, load, and desired roof pitch. Online rafter calculators are also available for easy estimation. The dead loads shown at the top of span table above do not include the self weight of the rafters, however, the rafter self weights are included (in addition to the dead loads) in the calculations used to determine permissble clear spans. Rafters can be calculated using trigonometry and factors like the run (half of the span) and the rise (pitch of the roof). The allowable clear spans have been calculated in accordance with BS 5268-2:2002 Structural use of timber - Part 2: Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship and BS 5268-7.5:1990 Structural use of timber - Section 7.5 Domestic rafters. Dead load per square metre (in kN/m²) supported by raftersĬentre-to-centre spacing of rafters (in mm)
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So as you are probably aware from our emails, I am very partial to the look that #1 photoshopped, and since it will allow me the most engine bay access, its a win-win for me. The current Mustang also shows a side vent option which might help instead of the window as shown, or perhaps a qtr window might look better if somewhat smaller (I think the Mustang qtr window does look good).Ĭlick to expand.Welcome to the board John :thumbup I do like the old Porsche 911 TARGA cars. Some of the Ferrari TARGA designs show more "beef" in this area w/o a qtr window. It just doesn't have enough substance or "body" for my taste. I am excited about prospects of making a TARGA version of my DIY HT but I rather dislike the photo posted by #1 of a TARGA style HT with a quarter window. Now with the 48" inside width of the rear tunnel and flat vertical window well forward of firewall, we could provide a HT and vertical access to inner bank of cylinders & dipstick - Instead of just a slightly domed "boot panel" covering soft top, we could easily make this whole area behind rear window & between inner sidewalls of tunnel a large removable access panel - One would have to reach over or around the side wings extending back from rear window (these end before the small removable body panels where OEM HT attaches) - Might this be of interest? Inner sides of the "tunnel" area are 48" apart so we could accomodate a 44" curved rear window from a MK2 but frankly I like the flat window better (far lighter weight as well for you boy racers). Current configuration has a vertical flat Plexiglass rear window located close behind side HT striker location (just far enough back to allow a HardDog rollbar). I did this to allow possible changes to back end configuration (long side wings, fastback, roof cowl vent to engine, etc). I made the pattern in 2 parts to separate in a vertical plane just behind the side window(s). I have completed the 3D pattern as shown in the photo he attached and am about half way through making a female mold "off" this pattern. I am the guy referred to in the first post in this thread. Some pics of the one I have cut in half for engine mockup here: That is essentially what a MK3 firewall looks like. Imagine a big curved peice of sheetmetal extending from your MK1/MK2 firewall and over the exhaust manifold/turbo. All serious (racecar type) spyder guys end up going hardttop and getting rid of the softtop completely, as it looks a lot better, but gives you engine bay and interior access as well. This is where the access panel has to be cut. The rear MK2 window is about 44"W x 10"D (did not measure height yet, probably about 10"?) and would nestle nicely on the spyder chassis (about 50" wide at the softtop parcel shelf).īackstory: For any MR2 guys interested/unaware, the Spyder engine compartment is severely handicapped due to whats called a "parcel shelf" which serves as the "resting place" for the softtop when stored. I would like a side profile and a 3/4 profile to see what it would look like. My thought is to adapt the MK2 curved rear glass to the MK3 hardtop.but then I went a step further and thought.what if I cut the top off a MK2 (rear section only) then had him graft it into the hardtop? What would it look like? I've never even touched photoshop so I thought i"d ask some experts to help find and graft a pic like this: So based off our conversations he's considering making one with access to the parcel shelf/access panel from OUTSIDE of the cabin. V motor guys need a MUCH larger engine bay to access the front bank of our V6 motors - most people just cut a huge access panel, remove the softtop (PITA) and have to go in from INSIDE the CABIN to check and add oil, change plugs or coils, etc. He is considering making 2 versions - one for most spyder guys, and one for those of us with V6/v8 engines in there. There is a very talented fiberglass designer working on an "outside of the box" Spyder Hardtop on some other boards. UPDATE: Skip to post #33 to see the result of how a MK2 top sits on a Spyder chassis (well as close as I got lol): According to reports, there are a lot of chances of players winning in the game who choose the creative methods. Therefore, if you feel that you can be alert in times of dangerous situations, you can be the right player in the game. Therefore, Fortnite demands attention from you in any case. The game is all about shooting anything at first that flashes on your screen. There is no way by which you can afford to be careless. If you want to stand on the top charts of this game, you have to be alert at all times. Yes! It may sound like a real-life warning, but, the game of Fortnite demands this from you. Therefore, some elements are important about this game for you to know. Tips and Tricks to Consider While Playing FortniteĪmong all the gaming modes that are present in Fortnite, Battle Royale is something most people prefer to play. The sound and graphic quality that is present in the game is unique and appealing. Gameplay of Fortniteįortnite has the most fantastic gameplay among all the games of the league. So, here are a few elements that you can follow to get the best output in Fortnite. These methods are going to make your gaming experience way better and exciting. But, are you aware of some of the methods using which you can play the game in the best way? You can play the game on numerous platforms of your choice. Numerous game modes are present in this game that makes it one of the most played games. The development of this game is by the famous creator Epic Games. What is Fortnite?Īmong all the videogames that are present in the gaming world, Fortnite is a leading competitor. Also, you are going to know about the real way of how you can play the game to get the maximum results. In this blog, you are going to know about some of the gaming secrets that you never knew about this game. Log in to the site and then enter your Server, Character Nickname, and the Redemption Code you want to use. Open up your Internet browser of choice and go to the Genshin Impact Redeem Code page. Genshin codes are redeemed online rather than in-game. These codes were only active for less than 48 hours and have now expired.
Note that there is no clear division between metallic and non-metallic character. Fluorine gas reacts explosively with many other elements and compounds, and is considered to be one of the most dangerous known substances. It is not found in nature as a free element. That is why elements whose atoms have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the Periodic Table. > The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom. Since the noble gases are a special group because of their lack of reactivity, the element fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal. The number of electrons in an atoms outermost valence shell governs its bonding behaviour. The most reactive nonmetals reside in the upper right portion of the periodic table. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions, and have a high attraction for electrons within a compound. In addition, the atomic radius increases going down a group, placing the outer electrons further away from the nucleus and making that electron less attracted by the nucleus. Since the ionization energy decreases going down a group (or increases going up a group), the increased ability for metals lower in a group to lose electrons makes them more reactive. The metallic character increases as you go down a group. Reactivity of metals is based on processes such as the formation of halide compounds with halogens, and how easily the element displaces hydrogen from dilute acids. For example, it is commonly asserted that the reactivity of alkali metals ( Na, K. Both factors are actually distinct, and both commonly depend on temperature. It appears to embody both thermodynamic factors and kinetic factors (i.e., whether or not a substance reacts, and how fast it reacts). For example, both magnesium and zinc can react with hydrogen ions to displace H 2 from a solution by the reactions: Mg (s) + 2 H + (aq) H 2 (g) + Mg 2+ (aq) Zn (s) + 2 H + (aq) H 2 (g. Reactivity is a somewhat vague concept in chemistry. Chlorine compound, sodium chloride (table salt) has been known by human civilizations since prehistoric times and evidence of use of rock salt have been found from as early as 3000. It was discovered as a distinct element in 1810. The top metals are more reactive than the metals on the bottom. Chlorine is one of the most reactive gases and belong to the halogen group of periodic table. (Credit: User:Mirek2/Wikimedia Commons Source: Commons Wikimedia, Periodic Trends(opens in new window) License: Public Domain) The activity series is a chart of metals listed in order of declining relative reactivity. Many of my clients ask me about the labelling of foundations, particularly when it comes to MAC! I hope that today’s post will help you in understanding NC, NW, C and N in MAC foundations.* The very basics of Colour Theory All comedogenic and irritation ratings should be used as a guide only.Choosing a foundation can be really daunting, but it’s often a key part to our makeup and can make or break a flawless face. This list is taken from the InciDecoder website. MAC Studio Radiance Foundation Ingredients MAC claims the formula is non-comedogenic so this is more an FYI than something that definitely needs to be worried. These ratings are based on specific levels/concentrations of ingredients in specific situations and it’s the overall formula that ultimately determines how comedogenic and irritating a product is. This ingredient is shown as having a Comedogenic Rating of 4 out of 5, which is high. There is one ingredient that has been flagged as being potentially problematic on Incidecoder called Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate. It’s another good humectant, like hyaluronic acid, which means it can attract and retain moisture in the skin. Trehalose: This is a sugar found in plants and insects.It can also help to improve the absorption of other ingredients into the skin. Sorbitol: This is a sugar alcohol that can help to hydrate the skin.It can help to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, and it can also help to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Tocopheryl acetate: This is the official name for Vitamin E, another powerful antioxidant.It’s another good source of antioxidants and polysaccharides, which help to protect the skin from damage and improve its elasticity. Tremella fuciformis sporocarp extract: The informal name for this extract is snow fungus. It can reduce redness and irritation, but it can also help to hydrate the skin. Cucumber extract: Cucumber is known for its calming and soothing properties.It can also help to reduce inflammation and improve skin tone. Sunflower seed extract: This extract contains antioxidants and fatty acids, which help protect the skin from damage.It is also a good source of antioxidants. It helps to moisturise the skin, reduce inflammation, and protect the skin from damage. Jojoba oil: Jojoba oil is similar in composition to the sebum produced by the skin, making it a good choice for people with oily or acne-prone skin.It can help to hydrate the skin, reduce wrinkles, and protect the skin from damage. Olive oil: Olive oil is rich in fatty acids, including oleic acid, which is known for its moisturising properties.You can read more in our glycerin ingredient spotlight. Glycerin: Another humectant that’s designed to attract and retain moisture in the skin.It is also more stable and less likely to break down over time. Hydrolysed sodium hyaluronate: A smaller version of sodium hyaluronate that penetrates deeper into the skin.It’s great at plumping up the skin and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Sodium hyaluronate: Also known as the sodium version of hyaluronic acid, this ingredient occurs naturally in the skin and is used to attract and retain moisture in the skin.MAC claims the new MAC serum foundation contains 33 skincare ingredients. You can also try the new foundation virtually via the MAC website, or, if you’ve never worn a MAC foundation before, visit our foundation match article to find out how to determine your undertone and shade family.Ĭlick the image below to enlarge it in a new tab The chart below gives you a better idea of the differences and shows you how to know which MAC foundation shade is best for you. With 56 shades, the new MAC Serum Foundation has fewer shades than other MAC foundations which means that if you already wear the MAC Studio Fix foundation, you won’t necessarily be able to get the exact same shade with the Studio Radiance version. MAC also claims the foundation delivers 24-hr hydration and is perfect for all skin types, even oily. Some 92% of users said the new MAC foundation made their skin look instantly more radiant, and 90% added that it made them look more youthful. MAC has tested its serum foundation makeup on a relatively small group of people – 28 people in clinical testing, and 167 consumers – and the brand claims it increases hydration by 209% – a very bold claim.
That is when you get more tricks than your bid. The game has a rule called over tricking. The score can be doubled if you went for the blind nil, where instead of 100 points, you can get 200 if you get no tricks or lose 200 points if you get a trick. On the other hand, if you manage to get at least one trick, your team will lose 100 points. If your bid was nil and you get no tricks, your team gets awarded with 100 points. You will lose 10 points if you get fewer tricks than your bid, so if your bid was five and you got four bids, you get 10 points deducted for each lost trick, or in this case, 30 points. If your bid was three and you got four tricks, the score will be 31. If you have as many or more tricks as your bid, you get 10 points for every trick and one point for each trick over your bid. Biding fairly is essential because there are cases where you will be deducted points. This is where things get a bit complicated. That is why the bidding is a crucial step, especially in the scoring section of the game.Įach game has 13 rounds, and in the end, the players get scored based on how much they bided and how many tricks they got. For example, you may have two of spades in your cards and think that it will be a winner, but your opponent may have five of spades, at which point he gets the trick. If there is more than one spade card on the table, the highest one wins. If one of the players throws a spade, then that player wins the trick. If none of the cards are spades, then the highest card wins. To win a trick, there are a few things to consider. The first player cannot throw a spade card, but any of the other three players can. If a player doesn’t have a card from the same suit, it can throw from any other. The player that will throw a card first can throw any suit except a spade, after which the other players will need to follow the lead and throw a card from the same suit. The game is called Spades, so the cards with a higher chance of getting you a trick are the spades, while the rest of the suits are treated equally. Once the bidding is done, the players can start putting cards on the table. An unwritten rule is that your bid should be with the number of cards with spades that you have, but that is not always a good approach. It is essential to bid reasonably, based on the cards you have because bidding high and getting fewer tricks will cost you points. Since each player gets 13 cards, you can make up to 13 bids, deepening on the cards, and you also have the option to make zero bids or nil. Bidding is when you guess how many tricks you think you will get during the game. When the game deals your cards, depending on the game, you will have the option to view the cards, make a bid, or make a blind bid. Once all four players put a card on the table, the game determines who takes the cards, or in Spades’ terms, who performed a trick. Note: If you're playing Spades in person, you can print a score sheet here.Įach player on the board receives 13 cards, and during each round, a card will need to be thrown on the table. The team or player with the most points wins the game. Spades is based on scoring points, meaning that the point of the game is to have as many points as possible. There are options to either play it with four opponents or go for the team option and play on the same team with the person sitting across from you. Spades is a trick taking card game intended to be played with four players. Learn how to play Spades here, or read below for a quick overview. Play against the computer or against players in our multiplayer mode. Play Spades Online for FreePlay unlimited games of Spades for free. My tables need to be "publish-ready" because I intend to just turn in my knitted pdf report. I am in the middle of working on a final project for a stats class and I am doing my coding/writing in R markdown, then knitting to pdf with MacTeX. Whether you are working with scientific reports or want to create any other type of dynamic document, R Markdown is your best bet to make the most out of Markdown.I am relatively new to R (less than a year) and I use it for coursework at my university. Summary R Markdown is Useful (Cheat Sheet) If you want to add a manual line break, end that line with two or more spaces. Use three or more asterisks or dashes to add a horizontal rule /page break. Using RMarkdown, you can add either equations or display complex LaTex equations.įor example: In line Pythagorean Theorem: $Equation$ĭisplay Equation: $$Equation$$ Adding equations (click to enlarge image) Horizontal Rule / Page Break If you want to explore more use cases of blockquote, head to our Markdown quotes guide. To use this, use the > (greater than) symbol in front of the line/paragraph you want to quote. RMarkdown allows you to add block quotes. |Column|Column|Column|Ĭurious to know more? Refer to our guide on creating tables in Markdown. The syntax for adding tables is similar to that of markdown. In this case, use the syntax: (#Name-of-section) Tables Or, to make a text hyperlink, use the syntax: (URL Address)Īnother way to add a link is, when you want to link to a section of the page. To add a link as plain text, just paste the link as it is in a line. Here's how it should look like: Code Blocks (click to enlarge image) Links Or, you can add inline codes by placing the respective text between ` symbols. You should append the language in curly braces if you want to add code and embed its output to the document: ``` You can also try adding code blocks with syntax highlighting. If you want to add a normal code block to separate it from other text, use the syntax below: ``` It allows us to add codes in several ways. ~Strike Through this~~ Adding Code ChunksĮmbedding code is the primary purpose of R Markdown. Or, if you want to add text strike-through, place the text in between two ~~ symbol. If you want to add superscript to a text, place the text that should be superscript in between ^ symbol. You can explore on this using our resource on how to add bold and italic text in Markdown. Bold: Place the text in between double asterisks or double underscores.Italics: Place the text in between single asterisks or single underscore.You can add emphasis to the text like italics or bold using: There are two types of Lists, the first one is an Unordered list, or you could call them bullet points: * Item 1Īnd the second one is the Ordered list, which is the numbered type: 1. Heading levels (click to enlarge image) Lists Or, = and - for level 1 and 2 headings, respectively. Either we can use the # character for different levels of heading like: # Heading Level 1 In R Markdown, we can give heading in two different methods. This can be added while setting the new document in RStudio, which is shown in the above section. The file type is either HTML, PDF, or Word. This block usually contains a title, author, date, and the file type you want to output, defining the final look of the document. With Caption : !(Location-of-image)įor Manual Line break, end line with 2+ spacesĪt the top of a Rmarkdown document, there is a YAML header enclosed within two. Here's a quick summary of what we will be covering: Name of the RMarkdown Block There would be some differences when you add things not usually supported with Markdown, like tables, math equations, code chunks, etc. Since it is just " enhanced Markdown," most syntax remains the same. Or you can create an empty document to start fresh. New document in rmarkdown (click to enlarge image) This will prompt you to add some information regarding the document (metadata for the file). Create a new RMarkdown Document (click to enlarge image) Once installed, you can start a new rmarkdown document by selecting File > New > RMarkdown. RStudio will prompt you to install the required packages when you try to include them in your document. To use code chunks like python, you need to install additional packages. “We’re taking our delicious time, and it will happen sometime this season… We’re building up the spirit of Alexis. While the producers would not reveal casting, Patrick hinted when the show would finally introduce the rabble-rouser. And since Sammy Jo is related to Cristal, it makes sense to update his ethnicity as well.Īll changes aside, fans of the original series are already curious who could possibly do the role of Alexis justice after Joan Collins’ over-the-top diva portrayal. In the original series, Steven married Sammy Jo despite his sexuality. “With Steven Carrington out and proud, it makes sense for Sammy Jo to be a man,” she said. Executive producer Stephanie Savage credited Patrick for the gender-bending casting choice. Rafael de la Fuente and James Mackay, “Dynasty” The CW Sammy Jo Is Now a Gay Latina ManĪlthough original “Dynasty” fans will miss Heather Locklear’s scheming version of Sammy Jo, the updated version played by Rafael de la Fuente has a duplicitous nature as well. Steven is confidently gay, and Blake accepts him.” Instead, the father and son butt heads over frakking and environmental causes. Schwartz said, “The relationship between Blake and Steven is not about sexuality. On the original series, Blake Carrington was absolutely revolted by his son’s sexuality, and as a result, the series trotted out some incredibly offensive and homophobic lines. The geopolitics of Venezuela on The CW… the spelling of her name reflects this new modern version of the character.” Steven Carrington’s Homosexuality Isn’t an Issue A giant of a man with a massive heart to match, the. Kelley, who’s Peruvian-Australian, said, “It was a bold and daring choice to make Cristal from Venezuela considering what’s happening right now. Dog Dynasty cast member Steven Schwartz AKA ‘The Wall’ tragically passed away on Friday November 30. and secret manoeuvres to quickly get used to the ranks and rules of the game. Off with a bang using the Stratego Quick Start Guide. With the original pre-printed playing pieces. But bigger dangers lurk if one of your playing pieces touches a bomb, it's all over for you!Īre you brave enough for endless strategic playing pleasure? If so, head off to battle with this revamped version of Stratego! Your opponent chooses a hand and plays with the color army the selected piece designates. Hide a red piece in one hand and a blue piece in the other. The ranks of the playing pieces determine whether or not you win or have to leave the battle field. Place the gameboard between you and your opponent with the name Stratego facing each of you. And then you must attack to capture the flag. Luckily, you are not alone you have an entire army at your disposal, along with a seductive spy and six bombs.īut before the exciting battle begins, you have to come up with a secret formation for your troops. The aim of this classic board game is to capture the enemy's flag while defending your own flag. Are you ready to help the Lieutenant to defeat the Redcoat army? The Bluecoats are counting on a brilliant strategist like you! The Bluecoat army has been significantly weakened, but the men will not give up. Time and again, Lieutenant Jacques Cavalier attempts to conquer the Redcoats' flag with his troops. Stratego Original: Attack and capture the flag! For easy access to this data, refer to the "ProductDescription" block and the "LongDesc" tag in XML or the "Description" block and the "LongDesc" tag in JSON. The official description of Stratego Original as supplied by the manufacturer. |
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