![]() Later various derivatives were created using the same basic cartridge, but with smaller-diameter bullets these were named by the cartridge diameter at the base and mouth. 56 in the bore diameter varied considerably, from. ![]() 56 cartridge", indicating a chamber diameter of. It was named based on the chamber dimensions, rather than the bore diameter, with the earliest cartridge called the "No. One of the early established cartridge arms was the Spencer repeating rifle, which Union forces used in the American Civil War. Makers of early cartridge arms had to invent methods of naming cartridges since no established convention existed then. Using bullets larger than design specifications causes excessive pressures, while undersize bullets cause low pressures, insufficient muzzle velocities and fouling that will eventually lead to excessive pressures. 308-inch (7.82 mm) bullet outside diameter. "30-caliber" centerfire rifle cartridges use a common, standard. "30-caliber" cartridges despite using bullets of. However, there can be significant differences in nominal bullet and bore dimensions, and all cartridges so "categorized" are not automatically identical in actual caliber.įor example, 303 British firearms and projectiles are often "categorized" as ".30-caliber" alongside several dozen U.S. For example, a firearm might be described as a " 30 caliber rifle", which could accommodate any of a wide range of cartridges using a roughly 0.30 inches (7.6 mm) projectile or as a "22 rimfire", referring to any rimfire firearms firing cartridges with a 22 caliber projectile. While modern firearms are generally referred to by the name of the cartridge the gun is chambered for, they are still categorized together based on bore diameter. There is much variance in the use of the term "small-bore", which over the years has changed considerably, with anything under 0.577 inches (14.7 mm) considered "small-bore" prior to the mid-19th century. large-bore refers to calibers with a diameter of 0.40 inches (10 mm) or larger. ![]()
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